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美国特殊金属公司正在开展一项称之为“全过程冶金”的课题研究,他们和许多生产厂家在技术性本来很强的高温合金领域内之所以开展这种以及许多类似的研究的原因,可以从铸造工业协会的一篇研究报告中明显看出来: “锻造工艺的改进,对于锻造原料提出了越来越严格的要求,尤其是在高温合金锻造方面。例如:更严格的控制材料的晶粒尺寸,可以把镍基合金的锻造温度从2000～2100℉(1095～1150℃)降低到1850～1950℉(1010～1065℃)。在改善精炼技术方面,用电渣重熔(ESR)工艺代替通常与真空感应熔炼(VIM法)联在一起的真空电弧
American Specialty Metals is conducting a research project called “Full Process Metallurgy.” The reason why they and many manufacturers are conducting this and many more similar studies in the otherwise technically advanced superalloys can be found in A study by the Foundry Industry Association made it clear: "Improvement in the forging process places ever-stricter requirements on the forging material, especially in the forging of high-temperature alloys such as the more tightly controlled grain size , The forging temperature of nickel-base alloys can be reduced from 2000 to 2100 ° F (1095 to 1150 ° C) to 1850 to 1950 ° F (1010 to 1065 ° C). In refining techniques, the ESR process, Vacuum arc combined with vacuum induction melting (VIM method)