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对于亚太各发展中国家(地区)来讲,发展乡村工业的主要目的是吸纳大量的乡村剩余劳动力和消除贫困。在第二次世界大战之后,大部分亚太发展中国家(地区)实施了在城市发展资本集约化的重工业计划,乡村工业的重要性没有得到计划制定者和决策者的普遍承认。后来的情况逐渐表明,大力发展城市大型工业对就业、消除贫困及其他社会经济目标未能产生预期的效果,所以在七十年代初期,各国(地区)把发展的重点转向乡村工业和小型工业。乡村工业目前在国际上尚未有统一的概念,但许多亚太发展中国家(地区)根据本国的实际各自做出了定义,或大概地规定,少数国家至今还没有具体的定义。印度在1987年重新修定的“土布乡村工业委员会法案”中指出:“乡村工业是指座落在乡村地区(居民不超过一万人或某个特定数目的居民点)的任何工业;同时,在乡村工业中,每个工匠或工人的固定资产(工厂、机器、场地及建筑物等)投资不超过15000卢比。”南朝鲜规定:凡处在政府指定的若干“乡村工业小区”的一切工业企业均为乡村工业。总结亚太各发展中国家(地区)对乡村工业的规定和论述,我们可大概把乡村工业定义为:座落在乡村地区的、从业人员以农民为主的任何工业。
For all the developing countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region, the main purpose of developing rural industries is to absorb a large amount of rural surplus labor force and eliminate poverty. After World War II, most of the developing countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region implemented a heavy industry program to develop capital intensive urban areas. The importance of rural industries was not universally recognized by planners and policymakers. Later on, the situation gradually showed that vigorously developing urban large-scale industries did not produce the expected results in employment, poverty eradication and other socio-economic goals. Therefore, in the early 1970s, countries and regions shifted their emphasis to rural industries and small-scale industries. At present, there is no unified concept of rural industry in the world. However, many developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region have defined each country according to their actual conditions or prescribe that a small number of countries still have no specific definition. India’s “TuBu Village Industrial Committee Act”, amended in 1987, states: “Rural industry refers to any industry located in a rural area (not more than 10,000 inhabitants or a certain number of settlements); at the same time, In rural industries, the fixed assets (factories, machinery, venues and buildings, etc.) of each artisan or worker do not invest more than Rs 15,000. ”South Korea stipulates that all industries in a number of“ rural industrial zones ”designated by the government Enterprises are rural industries. To summarize the regulations and expositions of rural industries in various developing countries and regions in the Asia Pacific, we can roughly define rural industry as any industry in which rural-based employers mainly employ farmers.