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建文元年(公元1399年)八月,即位还不到一年的明朝第二代皇帝朱允,举行了在位期间的最初、也是最后一次乡试。京师应天府第一场四书义的第三题,选用了《论语·泰伯篇》中“可以托六尺之孤”一节为题,显然并不是无意的。因为就在离举行乡试不到一个月前的七月四日,建文帝叔父燕王朱棣,终于按捺不住篡夺皇位的野心,打着“靖难”的旗号,公然对建文政权掀起了反旗。对于这场乡试不同寻常的政治背景,沈德符认为,上述应天府乡试的这道命题是有所指的。
In the first year of Jianwen (1399 AD), in August, Zhu Yun, the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty who took place in less than a year, held the first and final rural examinations during his reign. It is obviously not an unintentional issue that the capitalist should choose the title “The Book of Talibu” in the Analects of Confucius Taboo, the third title of the fourth book of four books which should be Tianfu. Because on the 4th of July, less than a month before the holding of the township examinations, the uncle Wang Jiandi of Jianwen Emperor finally made himself unable to suppress the ambition of usurping the throne and set forth the banner of “Jingyan” Anti-flag. Shen Tiefu believes that the unusual proposition on this rural exam should be attributed to the above-mentioned proposition of Tianfu Township Examination.