综合J.Austin关于言语行为显性表达的解释和Ю.Апресян关于施为动词的形态研究,言语行为的显性表达形式与显施为句不是一回事。据此,本文从施为动词поздравлять的语法形式入手,分析俄语祝贺言语行为的显性表达形式,概括它们的使用特点。结论是,俄语祝贺言语行为的显性表达形式是一个以显施为祝贺语句为基本形式的语句聚合体;这些显性表达形式的使用特点不尽相同。 Based on J.Austin’s explanation of explicit expression of speech act and Ю.Апресян’s morphological study of Shi-verb, the explicit expression of speech act is not the same as the explicit expression. Accordingly, this article starts from the grammatical form of Shi-verb поздравлять, and analyzes the explicit expression form of Russian congratulation verbal behavior and summarizes the characteristics of their use. The conclusion is that the dominant form of Russian congratulation on speech acts is a statement aggregate that manifests itself as a congratulatory sentence; the use of these explicit forms varies.