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目的探讨石雕作业职业病危害因素对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其机制。方法将60只昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组(无暴露)、低暴露组(暴露时间2 h/d)、中暴露组(4 h/d)和高暴露组(8 h/d)。同时测量该作业环境中粉尘浓度、噪声、气温以及作业时工人手臂接触振动的强度等职业病危害因素。15 d后,用Y迷宫测小鼠学习记忆能力,测其脑组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活力。结果石雕作业环境中的粉尘浓度为34.00~125.33 mg/m3,噪声强度为90.0~104.0 d B(A),振动强度ahw(4)为8.3~10.5 m/s2,平均温度为32.0~32.7℃。小鼠学习能力和记忆能力低暴露组与对照组差异无统计学意义,中暴露和高暴露组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,暴露组NO含量(F=4.312,P<0.05)、NOS活力(F=3.937,P<0.05)和ATP酶活力明显降低[Na+K+-ATP酶活力(F=3.890,P<0.05)、Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活力(F=3.893,P<0.05)],且高暴露组降低更明显。结论石雕作业环境中的职业病危害因素的共同作用降低了小鼠的学习、记忆能力,该作用可能与NO含量的降低,NOS、ATP酶活力的抑制有关。
Objective To investigate the effect of occupational disease risk factors on learning and memory in mice and its mechanism. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group (no exposure), low exposure group (exposure time 2 h / d), medium exposure group (4 h / d) and high exposure group (8 h / d). At the same time, the operating environment dust concentration, noise, air temperature and the strength of the worker’s arm in contact with the operation of occupational hazards and other factors. Fifteen days later, the learning and memory ability of mice was measured by Y-maze, and the contents of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in brain were measured. Results The dust concentration in stone working environment was 34.00 ~ 125.33 mg / m3, the noise intensity was 90.0 ~ 104.0 d B (A), the vibrational intensity ahw (4) was 8.3 ~ 10.5 m / s2 and the average temperature was 32.0 ~ 32.7 ℃. There was no significant difference between the low exposure group and the control group in learning ability and memory ability of mice, but lower in exposure group and high exposure group than in control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, NO content (F = 4.312, P <0.05), NOS activity (F = 3.937, P <0.05) and ATPase activity decreased significantly <0.05), Ca2 + Mg2 + -ATPase activity (F = 3.893, P <0.05)], and the decrease in high exposure group was more obvious. Conclusion The combination of occupational hazards in stone working environment can reduce the learning and memory ability of mice, which may be related to the decrease of NO content and the inhibition of NOS and ATPase activities.