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本文检讨了考古语境中的“专业化生产”的概念问题。这一概念虽已在西方的考古学中得到相当重视,但在中国考古学中却较少涉及。本文对西方考古学中如何定义“专业化”这一基本主题作了界定和比较,以表明这个概念本身的复杂性。本文介绍并讨论了一个在专化或非专化背景下去有效理解“生产组织”的模型,并特别关注产品生产者和产品最终控制者之间的关系。在理论探讨基础之后,根据建立的分析模型,本文以重庆忠县中坝遗址为个案作了讨论。这一个案显示了如何以中国考古学的例子去检视生产组织的多个要素,同时也以此说明现有的模型还存在有待改善的地方。中坝遗址的主要产品是盐,为了解中坝的盐业生产,我们必须从制盐工具、遗址的空间布局以及其他间接证据入手。中坝的盐业最早可能为附近的少数消费者开发,然而在公元前第一千纪,多重证据都显示该地区出现了一个小群体并最终控制了盐的交易和分配网络,这种依附形式的生产出现重新界定了中坝附近及其远方人群的关系。
This article reviews the concept of “specialized production” in archeological context. Although this concept has gained considerable attention in Western archeology, it is less involved in Chinese archeology. This paper defines and compares the basic themes of how to define “specialization ” in Western archeology to show the complexity of the concept itself. This article describes and discusses a model that effectively understands “production organization ” in a specialized or non-specialized context, with a special focus on the relationship between the product producer and the ultimate controller of the product. After the foundation of theoretical exploration, according to the established analysis model, this paper discusses the Zhongba site in Zhongxian County, Chongqing. This case shows how to look at multiple elements of a production organization with the example of Chinese archeology and at the same time shows that there is room for improvement in the existing model. The main product of the dam site is salt. To understand the salt production in the dam, we must start with the salt preparation tools, the spatial layout of the site and other indirect evidence. The salt industry in the dam was probably the earliest to develop for a handful of nearby consumers, but in the first millennium BC multiple evidence showed that a small group emerged in the area and eventually controlled the salt trading and distribution network. This form of attachment The emergence of a new redefinition of the population near the dam and its relationship.