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一碳化合物的化学(以下写作C_1),是以分子中含一个碳原子的化合物(如CH_4、HCHO、CH_3OH、CO及CO_2等)作原料,用有机合成及催化的方法来制备化工产品的化学。本文主要介绍甲烷,合成气和二氧化碳三个方面的有关情况. 一、甲烷以甲烷为原料制造合成气,乙炔、氢氰酸、甲醛、甲醇、卤代烷、二硫化碳、硝基甲烷及炭黑等,国内外已有大厂,但由于甲烷十分稳定,所以至今尚未很好地利用。为了活化甲烷,有下述几个方面的研究: 1.均相络合催化活化Шилов等~([1,2])认为可以利用均相络合催化使甲烷活化,例如用金属络合物同烷烃(包括CH_4)反应时,可以生成烷基氢化物而后者得到活化:
The chemistry of a carbon compound (hereinafter C_1) is based on a chemical compound containing one carbon atom in the molecule (such as CH_4, HCHO, CH_3OH, CO and CO_2) as a starting material for organic chemical synthesis and catalysis . Synthetic gas, acetylene, hydrocyanic acid, formaldehyde, methanol, alkyl halides, carbon disulfide, nitromethane and carbon black are the main raw materials for methane production in China There are already large factories, but due to methane is very stable, so far not yet make good use of. In order to activate methane, the following aspects have been investigated: 1. Homogeneous complexation Catalytic activation Шилов et al. ([1,2]) believe that methane can be activated by a homogeneous complexation catalysis, for example, with metal complex Alkanes, including CH 4, react to form alkyl hydrides and the latter are activated: