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为筛选广适性早熟高油品种,在不同生态环境条件下穿梭选育甘蓝型油菜,通过对多年(2001-2013年)生态穿梭育种在品种选育中的成效进行总结,结果表明育种材料平均含油量呈现上升趋势,而且随着穿梭育种时间的推移,表现为张掖试验点含油量高于大荔试验点,到2013年选育出含油量达63.8%的新特高油种质材料,在所审定的油菜品种中均突出了高含油量的特点;而且育种材料的生育期也较穿梭育种之前缩短;在对冬油菜的穿梭选育中,选出了适应于春油菜区的油菜品系;部分细胞质雄性不育系表现出了生态型雄性不育的特点,有利于安全制种。因此利用不同生态区的环境条件穿梭选育油菜育种材料,可有效创制出优良种质资源,特别是对甘蓝型油菜的高含油量资源创制、早熟性材料的选育、广适性品种选育等方面有明显效果,同时可利用“高油种质+化学杀雄”的模式测配杂交组合,选育高油强优势油菜品种。
In order to screen high-yielding varieties of precocious high oil, we breed Brassica napus under different ecological environment conditions, and summarize the effect of eco-shuttle breeding over years (2001-2013) in breed breeding. The results showed that average breeding material Oil content showed an upward trend, and with the passage of breeding time, the performance of Zhangye pilot oil content higher than the test point in Dali, by 2013 bred oil content 63.8% of the new special high oil germplasm material, in All the rapeseeds tested were characterized by high oil content. Moreover, the growth period of breeding materials was also shorter than that before shuttle breeding. In the shuttle breeding of winter rapeseed, the rapeseed lines adapted to the spring rapeseed area were selected. Some cytoplasmic male sterility lines showed the characteristics of male sterility of ecological type, which is good for safe seed production. Therefore, the breeding of rapeseed breeding materials in different ecoregional environmental conditions can effectively produce excellent germplasm resources, especially for the creation of high oil content resources of rapeseed, the selection of early maturity materials and the breeding of widely adapted cultivars And other aspects have obvious effect, at the same time can be used “high oil germ + chemical kill male ” mode hybrid test combination breeding high oil superior rapeseed varieties.