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控制水垫塘底板的冲击压力对于水电站泄洪安全具有重要意义,尤其是对于高水头、大流量、窄河谷的水利工程。该文结合中国西南地区大型水电站泄洪消能的实际进行物理模型试验,对电站原方案下水垫塘的冲击压强进行了试验分析。提出了改变表孔齿坎布置的3种改进方案,进行了冲击压强试验。结果显示,改变表孔的齿坎布置是减小冲击压强的一种可行方法。还得到了最优的表孔齿坎布置方案,测量了水垫塘内的流速分布,分析了水垫塘内流态。该结果可用于该大型水电站的泄洪消能设施设计。
Controlling the impact pressure of the pad of the plunge pool is of great significance to flood safety of the hydropower station, especially for hydraulic projects with high head, large flow and narrow valleys. In this paper, the physical model tests of flood discharge and energy dissipation in large hydropower stations in southwestern China are carried out, and the impact pressure of the plunge pool under the original scheme is tested. Three kinds of improved schemes to change the arrangement of gullets are put forward, and the impact pressure test is carried out. The results show that changing the tooth arrangement of the holes is a feasible way to reduce the impact pressure. The best scheme of arrangement of spout and ridge was also obtained. The distribution of flow velocity in plunge pool was measured, and the flow pattern in plunge pool was analyzed. The result can be used to design flood discharge and energy dissipation facilities of this large hydropower station.