首次给出对科学失误进行潜科学分析的方法，并从理论上分析杰出物理学家产生失误的各种原因，探讨了失败与成功的关系、如何确立科学的成败现以及失败的潜科学价值． For the first time, a method of making a sub-scientific analysis of scientific errors is given. The causes of failure of outstanding physicists are theoretically analyzed. The relationship between failure and success is discussed. How to establish the success or failure of science and the underlying scientific value of failure?