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1947年9月,根据《国家安全法》,美国建立国家安全委员会。50年来,虽然该机构体制几经变革,其协调国家外交与国防的主旨未变。但随着美国称霸全球战略的需要,其功能由最初的“顾问”,发展到今天“真正的权力者”,成为美国参与国际政治和制定世界战略,乃至操纵美国外交的重要角色,并为许多国家所效仿。那末,当初美国为什么要建立这一机构,本文试作探讨。 一、总体战、大战略、与协调行动的重要性 加强部门协作,推行总体战略,是美国政府、军方和国会就二次大战期间美国管理体制混乱进行战略思考和政策反思的重要内容。 二战是世界现代史上规模最大的一次总体战,因此,战争指导原则的确立和体制建设必须是整体的。就美国而言,战争推动它“进行了经济总动员,军
In September 1947, under the National Security Law, the United States established a National Security Council. In the past 50 years, although the institutional structure has undergone many changes, its main theme of coordinating the country’s diplomacy and national defense has not changed. However, as the United States needs to dominate its global strategy, its function has evolved from its original “consultant” to today’s “real power” and has become an important role for the United States in participating in international politics and formulating a world strategy and even in manipulating U.S. diplomacy. Country follow. So, at the beginning why the United States to establish this body, this article try to explore. I. The Importance of Overall Warfare, Grand Strategy and Coordination Action Strengthening departmental cooperation and promoting the overall strategy are important elements for the U.S. government, the military and the Congress to conduct strategic thinking and policy reflection on the disorder of the U.S. management system during the Second World War. World War II was the largest overall war in the modern history of the world. Therefore, the establishment of the guiding principles for the war and the institution-building must be integrated. In the case of the United States, the war has pushed it to “carry out the economic mobilization and the military.”