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在激光与物质相互作用的实验中,气体靶通常由超声速喷嘴在高背压下向真空中高速喷射气体产生。激光与气体靶相互作用时确定打靶条件对整个实验有着十分重要的意义。为了得到不同实验条件下气体靶密度的分布特性,采用马赫-曾德尔干涉法测量了气体靶密度分布,获取了干涉图样。使用基于傅里叶变换的条纹处理方法测得的干涉图样,得到不同实验条件下气体分子密度的全空间分布。实验表明:用M-Z干涉仪测量超声速气体喷嘴产生的气体靶密度分布十分有效。基于傅里叶变换的条纹处理方法具有精度高、实时性好的优点,为打靶时气体靶密度的实时测量提供了可能。
In laser-substance interaction experiments, gas targets are usually generated by supersonic nozzles that eject gas at high velocity into the vacuum at high backpressure. It is very important for the whole experiment to confirm the shooting conditions when the laser interacts with the gas target. In order to obtain the distribution characteristics of gas target density under different experimental conditions, the gas target density distribution was measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometry and the interference pattern was obtained. Using the interference pattern measured by the Fourier transform-based fringe processing method, the full spatial distribution of gas molecular densities under different experimental conditions is obtained. Experiments show that using M-Z interferometer to measure the gas density distribution of gas produced by supersonic gas nozzle is very effective. The strip processing method based on Fourier transform has the advantages of high precision and good real-time performance, which provides the possibility of real-time measurement of gas target density during shooting.