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汉语比较句中有“他比我年纪大”类的“比”字句。这类句子的特点是,先提出两个比较项X和Y,然后指出比较点N,最后陈述比较结果W。在研究这类“比”字句的过程中,我们常常发现以下这种情况:当把“他的年纪比我的年纪大”类变换成“他比我年纪大”类后,其合格性及接受度与马真(1999)的研究成果(即能不能换为“他的年纪比我大”类)之间常常呈平行现象。对此,我们从以下观点进行了探讨:这一类平行现象是必然的还是偶然的?如果是必然的,那么是什么因素在起作用呢?经研究发现,这种平行现象不是偶然的。“他比我年纪大”类与“他的年纪比我大”类一样,认知因素对判断其合格性起着一个明显的作用。就是说,在探讨的过程中,我们可以看出X/Y的支配域中N具有显著性,同时它们之间存在着“整体-部分”的关系,而这种显著性和“整体-部分”的关系,是两种“比”字句能够成立的一个必要条件。
Chinese comparative sentences in the “he is older than me” class “than ” words. The characteristic of such sentences is that we first propose two comparison terms X and Y, then point out the comparison point N, and finally state the comparison result W. In the study of these “” than “words, we often find the following situation: When the” his age than my age “class into” he is older than me “class , Their qualifications and acceptability are often parallel to those of Ma Zhen’s (1999) research (ie can it be replaced by ”his age is older than me“). In this regard, we explore the following points: Is this kind of parallel phenomenon inevitable or contingent? If it is inevitable, then what is the factor at work? It has been found through research that this parallel phenomenon is not accidental. ”He is older than me“ category and ”His age is bigger than me “ category, cognitive factors play an obvious role in judging their eligibility. That is to say, in the process of exploration, we can see that N is dominant in the X / Y dominance domain and that there is a ”whole-part“ relationship between them, and this salience and ” - part of the “relationship, is the two ” than "sentence to establish a necessary condition.