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自20世纪50年代以来,化学防治在植物病虫害防治中起着重要作用,但化学农药的长期不合理使用产生了诸多问题。自然界广泛存在着与植物病原微生物密切相关的拮抗微生物,从其代谢产物中寻找控制相关病原微生物的生物农药是新型农药研发的一个重要方向。芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)因其能够产生耐热、耐旱、抗紫外线和有机溶剂的内生孢子,是理想的生防菌筛选对象,也是目前生防细菌中研究最多的一类。文中主要对芽孢杆菌的生防作用机制、存在问题及开发应用前景进行综述,以期进一步促进其在新型生物农药研发中的应用。
Since the 1950s, chemical control has played an important role in the prevention and control of plant pests and diseases. However, the long-term unreasonable use of chemical pesticides has caused many problems. There are a wide range of antagonistic microorganisms closely related to plant pathogenic microorganisms in nature. Finding bio-pesticides that control related pathogenic microorganisms from their metabolites is an important direction for the research and development of new pesticides. Bacillus spp. Is an ideal biocontrol agent for its ability to produce endogenous spores that are resistant to heat, drought, UV and organic solvents and is currently the most studied biocontrol bacterium. In this paper, the biocontrol mechanism, existing problems and prospects of development and application of Bacillus are summarized in order to further promote its application in the research and development of new biological pesticides.