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本文着重探讨了形位误差的分布规律以及工序能力指数的合理计算方法。首先论证了误差分布不象尺寸误差那样是对称型的正态分布,而是从零起始的正向的偏向分布。具体分两类:第一类为绝对值形位误差的分布,即绝对值分布,其概率密度函数为■其特例有反射正态分布和类正态微偏分布;第二类为向量值形位误差的分布,包括平面向量值形位误差的瑞利分布和空间向量值形位误差的马克斯威尔分布两种。文中分别介绍了各种分布的概率密度函数,分布曲线,平均值、标准偏差和C值、C_(PP)值的计算(对绝对值形位误差来说■),以及工序能力的调查方法,还用实例说明由此法得到的结果比较切合实际情况。这是当前推行全面质量管理、贯彻新国际“形位公差”时需要探讨的一个课题。
This article focuses on the distribution of the shape and position error as well as a reasonable calculation method of process capability index. First of all, it is proved that the error distribution is not symmetrical type of normal distribution like the size error, but rather it is the positive bias distribution from zero start. There are two specific categories: the first is the distribution of absolute shape and position errors, that is, the absolute value distribution, the probability density function is ■ its special case has reflex normal distribution and normal partial skew distribution; the second category is vector The distribution of bit errors includes Rayleigh distribution of shape vector error of plane vector and Maxwell distribution of shape error of space vector value. In this paper, the probability density functions, distribution curves, mean values, standard deviations, C values and C_ (PP) values of various distributions (for the absolute value of position error) Also use an example to illustrate the results obtained by this method more realistic. This is a topic that needs to be explored in the current implementation of total quality management and implementation of the new international “form tolerance.”