泥石泥危害山区城镇的问题具有普遍性。我国受泥石流威胁的城镇在许多省区的山区都有,而以横断山区一带最为集中,近20年来,几乎每年都有不同程度的灾情发生,造成巨大的伤亡和损失,甚至毁坏部分城镇。泥石流危害山区城镇既和自然因素有关,又与人类活动密切联系。我国受害城镇多在高山峡谷区或沿地形高差大的山麓分布。历史上山区城镇发展还受人对自然灾害认识能力和社会生产发展水平的限制。受害城镇多数建在泥石流沟口的扇形地上,尽管多次受害却始终未能认识并解决好防避泥石流灾害这个重要问题;自六十年代中期以后,山区开发和城乡建设发展很快,城镇规划和建设计划等技术工作和管理工作跟不上需要,加之城市建设中对防灾问题考虑不周,或处理不当而人为地加重了灾情。我们根据山区城镇处在泥石流扇形地上的位置,以及沟河关系、城镇布局等因素,对泥石流沟的危害性、危害类型和危险程度作了进一步的分析。这对城镇规划或制定防灾避难应急措施都有重要意义。当前应大力做好以下几项工作:加强泥石流灾害调查,准确判定泥石流沟的危害性;编制泥石流综合治理规划,作为城镇建设总体规划中的一个重要组成部分;实行预防为主,防治结合的方针,积极地开展综合治理;抓好典型,总结经验,以点促面。 Mud and mud hazards in mountainous areas are universal. The cities and towns threatened by debris flow in our country are found in mountainous areas in many provinces and autonomous regions, while most are concentrated in the Hengduan Mountains. In recent 20 years, varying degrees of disasters have occurred, causing huge casualties, losses and even the destruction of some cities and towns. Debris flow hazards Mountain towns are both related to natural factors, but also closely linked with human activities. Victims of our country mostly in the alpine gorge area or distribution along the foothills of large terrain elevation. Historically, the development of towns and cities in mountainous areas has also been limited by people’s awareness of natural disasters and the level of social production and development. The majority of the affected towns were built on the fan-shaped ground of the debris flow Mizoguchi. Despite repeated victimization, the important issue of preventing debris flow hazards has never been known and solved. Since the mid-1960s, the development of mountainous areas and urban and rural construction have been developing rapidly. And construction plans and other technical work and management can not keep up with the needs, combined with urban construction in the disaster prevention and control considerations, or improper handling and artificially aggravated the disaster. According to the location of the mountainous town on the debris flow fan-shaped ground, as well as the relationship between the ditch and river and the layout of cities and towns, we further analyze the hazard, the type of hazard and the degree of danger of the debris flow ditch. This is of great significance to town planning or emergency disaster preparedness measures. At present, efforts should be made to do the following work: to strengthen the investigation of debris flow hazards and accurately determine the dangers of debris flow ditches; to draw up a plan for the comprehensive management of debris flows as an important part of the overall planning for urban construction; to implement the principle of prevention and control , And actively carry out comprehensive management; do a good job of typical, sum up experience to point to promote surface.