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水土流失地区植被在自然条件下从阳生草本到乔灌草复合植被的演替过程常常需要很长的时间,选取适当树种人工造林可以省略先锋物种强阳生草本的发育时间,提早诱发灌木和草本植物发育,大大加速植被恢复演替过程。通过对广东惠州市惠阳区上杨试验站等南亚热带典型水土流失地区的研究发现:自然封育状态下,水土流失地区植被恢复和演替缓慢,25a后植被覆盖度只有35%,且主要以阳生性耐贫瘠的灌木及草本为主,土壤侵蚀仍然比较严重。选择大叶相思树人工造林加速了植被演替进程,控制了水土流失,12a左右植被覆盖度就达90%左右。造林23a左右,林地遮蔽涵养水分和控制侵蚀作用下迅速生长多种当地物种,形成了乔、灌、草、藤、竹多层复合植被。在南亚热带季风气候地区,自然封育状态下严重水土流失区植被恢复至较稳定的次生林阶段需要60a左右的时间;人工造林加速植被演替只需要20a。植树造林是该地区植被恢复发育及控制水土流失的有效措施。
The succession process of the vegetation from the yangsheng herb to the arbor, shrub and grass vegetation under natural conditions in the soil erosion areas often takes a long time. By selecting the appropriate tree species for afforestation, the developmental time of the pioneering herb species, Herbaceous plants develop and greatly accelerate the succession process of vegetation restoration. Through the study on the typical subtropical soil erosion areas such as the Shangyang Experimental Station in Huiyang District of Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, it was found that the vegetation restoration and succession in soil erosion areas were slow and the vegetation coverage was only 35% after 25 years. Positive and poor resistance to poor shrubs and herbs, soil erosion is still more serious. Artificial selection of Acacia macrostachya afforestation accelerated vegetation succession process and controlled soil and water loss. Vegetation coverage of about 12a reached about 90%. Afforestation 23a or so, the forest cover water conservation and controlled erosion under the rapid growth of a variety of local species, the formation of the Joe, irrigation, grass, rattan and bamboo multi-layer composite vegetation. In the southern subtropical monsoon climate region, about 60 years are required for the restoration of vegetation in the serious soil erosion areas to the more stable secondary forest under natural enclosure. The succession of artificial afforestation is only 20 years. Afforestation is an effective measure to restore the development of vegetation and control soil and water loss in this area.