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沈从文与西方现代哲学的关系是十分复杂的。沈从文既受到以弗洛伊德为代表的西方现代心理学、存在主义等非理性人本主义哲学的影响,又受到西方现代理性主义哲学的影响。当沈从文站在生命——人性立场上时,非理性人本主义哲学思想占据主导地位,而当他站在历史发展进步的立场上时,西方现代理性哲学思想便表现得比较明显。唯物与唯心,理性与非理性,科学与玄学等同时参与建构沈从文哲学思想,它们相互交织,相互激荡,形成一种悖论逆反的关系,构成沈从文哲学思想复杂性与“复调性”。
The relationship between Shen Congwen and western modern philosophy is very complicated. Shen Congwen is not only influenced by the irrational humanistic philosophy such as western modern psychology represented by Freud and existentialism, but also influenced by the western modern rationalism philosophy. When Shen Congwen stood on the life-humanity standpoint, the irrational humanistic philosophical thought dominates. When he stands on the position of historical development and progress, the western modern rational philosophical thought becomes more obvious. Materialism and idealism, rationality and irrationality, science and metaphysics participate in the construction of Shen Congwen’s philosophical thought at the same time, they intertwine with each other and form a kind of contradictory relationship, constituting the complexities of Shen Congwen’s philosophical thought and “polyphony” .