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近年来,文化服务机构等非营利性部门的经济表现一直是一个备受关注的问题。一方面是因为文化机构对公共资金的依赖度较高,另一方面是因为对公共预算的需求量越来越大。为了能够以最小成本来有效分配资源,负责对公共预算进行分配的政府部门就必须借助于可靠的表现指标。针对这一问题,本文对德国公共剧院1991/1992年和2005/2006年各季度的效率进行了分析。本研究采用了随机前沿分析法,检验了成本最小化行为在这一领域是否存在。此外,本文还采用了若干个面板数据模型来分析非观测到的异质性对效率估计的影响,不同模型对非观测到的异质性的解释力有所差别。研究结果表明,成本最小化行为在这一领域并不存在。因此,对于德国公共剧院来说,基于成本函数分析的效率分析法似乎并不适用。此外,研究还发现,不同剧院之间存在较大的非观测到的异质性,因而在各模型的效率分析中出现了显著差异。这说明,如果不将非观测到的异质性考虑在内,效率值就会有所偏颇。总之,此项研究发现,在公共文化领域要实现资源的合理应用,仍有很多工作要做。
In recent years, the economic performance of non-profit sectors such as cultural service agencies has been a subject of great concern. Partly because of the high dependence of cultural institutions on public funds and partly because of the growing demand for public budgets. To be able to allocate resources efficiently and with minimal cost, the government department responsible for allocating public budgets must rely on solid performance indicators. In response to this question, this paper analyzes the efficiency of the German public theater in the quarters of 1991/1992 and 2005/2006 respectively. This study uses a stochastic frontier analysis to test whether cost minimization exists in this area. In addition, a number of panel data models are used to analyze the impact of non-observed heterogeneity on efficiency estimates. Different models have different interpretations of non-observed heterogeneities. The results show that cost minimization does not exist in this area. Therefore, for the German public theater, efficiency analysis based on cost function analysis does not seem to apply. In addition, the study also found that there was a large non-observed heterogeneity between different theaters, and thus significant differences occurred in the efficiency analysis of each model. This shows that without taking into account the non-observed heterogeneity, the efficiency value will be biased. In conclusion, this study found that much remains to be done in order to achieve the rational use of resources in the field of public culture.