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为研究时间和空间频率路面激励下重型车辆动载特性,将车辆的轮胎、钢板弹簧视为柔体,橡胶垫块、限位块简化为具有非线性刚度和阻尼特性的力元,采用多体动力学仿真软件SIMPACK建立刚柔耦合的车辆整车虚拟样机,并采用有理函数功率谱密度的谐波叠加法建立空间域和时域路面激励数学模型,创建一个时域和空间域路面激励下车辆行驶动力学模型,仿真计算了车辆各轴轮胎的法向作用力和车轮法向动载系数。结果表明:不同车速下,时域和空间域路面激励下得到的轮胎法向作用力的变化规律和大小均不相同,而且轮胎法向作用力最大值出现的位置也不同;中、后轴车轮法向动载系数变化规律基本相似,但前轴车轮法向动载系数变化规律不同。研究结果可为轮胎动载荷计算、验证、预测提供参考依据。
In order to study the dynamic characteristics of heavy vehicles under pavement excitation with time and space frequency, the tire and leaf spring of the vehicle are regarded as soft bodies, rubber pads and stoppers are simplified as force elements with nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics, The dynamic simulation software SIMPACK establishes a rigid-flexible coupling vehicle virtual prototype and establishes a mathematical model of excitation in time domain and time domain using the harmonic superposition of the power spectral density of rational functions to create a vehicle with time and space excitation Traveling dynamics model was used to simulate the normal force of each axle and the normal dynamic load coefficient of the wheel. The results show that the law and size of tire normal force are different under different vehicle speeds under the excitation of pavement in time domain and space domain, and the location of maximum value of tire normal force is also different. The middle and rear axle wheels The law of normal dynamic load variation is similar, but the law of dynamic load variation of front wheel is different. The research results can provide reference for calculating, verifying and predicting the dynamic load of the tire.