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β_2微球蛋白(β_2-microglobulin,以下简称β_2M)是体内有核细胞包括淋巴细胞产生的一种低分子量(分子量为11,800)球蛋白,以极微量存在于血液、脑脊液、关节液、尿液、唾液及乳汁等体液和细胞表面。1968年Bergg(?)rd等首次从Wilson氏病和慢性镉中毒患者的尿中分离和提纯出β_2M。1972年Peterson等确定了β_2M是由100个氨基酸残基组成的单链多肽低分子蛋白质,弄清它和同种白细胞抗原(HLA)亚单位是同一物质,并与免疫球蛋白稳定区部分的结构相似,作为与免疫机制有关的蛋白质受到重视。
β_2-microglobulin (β_2M) is a kind of low molecular weight (molecular weight 11,800) globulin produced by nucleated cells including lymphocytes in vivo, and is present in trace amounts in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine, Saliva and milk and other body fluids and cell surface. 1968 Bergg (?) Rd for the first time from Wilson’s disease and chronic cadmium poisoning in patients with urine separation and purification of β_2M. In 1972, Peterson et al. Determined that β_2M is a single-chain polypeptide low-molecular-weight protein consisting of 100 amino acid residues and that it is the same substance as the allogeneic leukocyte antigen (HLA) subunit and is related to the structure of the immunoglobulin stable region Similarly, attention is paid to proteins involved in the immune system.