小血管病与慢性脑循环障碍相关,占缺血性卒中的20%-30%,也是大部分脑出血和脑病的病因所在。与小血管病相关的疾病包括Binswanger病、多发小灶中风和微出血,这些疾病在老年人中的发病率极高,且往往导致认知减退或血管性痴呆、步态和平衡障碍、情绪低落、尿失禁等。小血管病相关性脑病预示着老年人跌倒、致残和死亡的几率增加,因此其临床特点和病理生理机制正日益受到关注。本文对脑小血管病的危险因素、发病机制、病理以及临床表现作一综述。 Small vessel disease is associated with chronic cerebral circulatory disorders, accounting for 20% to 30% of ischemic stroke and is also responsible for most of cerebral hemorrhage and encephalopathy. Diseases associated with small vessel disease include Binswanger’s disease, multiple minor stroke and microbleeds, which are extremely high in the elderly and often lead to cognitive decline or vascular dementia, gait and balance disorders, depression, Urinary incontinence and so on. Small-vessel disease-related encephalopathy is predictive of increased risk of falls, malaise and death in older adults, and therefore its clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms are receiving increasing attention. This article reviews the risk factors, pathogenesis, pathology and clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular disease.