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依托江苏省扬州市小纪镇水生蔬菜基地,设置4个处理:茭白(Zizania latifolia)单作人工湿地,不施肥(DF0);茭白单作人工湿地,当地农民习惯施肥量(DFC);茭鸭共作人工湿地,当地农民习惯施肥量(GFC);茭鸭共作人工湿地,50%当地农民习惯施肥量(GF50%C)。试验用水为试验地附近养鱼池塘水,分析各处理茭白田面水TN和TP以及土壤有机质和速效养分动态变化。结果表明:灌溉养殖池塘富营养化水7 d后DF0处理田面水TN和TP浓度平均降至峰值的21.27%和15.58%;施肥7 d后各施肥处理田面水TN和TP浓度平均降至峰值的8.21%和6.51%;减量施肥后,GF50%C处理田面水TN和TP去除率分别为82.81%和84.25%,与DF0处理之间无显著差异;减量施肥后,与DFC处理相比,GF50%C处理在维持茭白产量和经济效益的同时,可提高土壤有机质和土壤速效养分含量。就各茭鸭共作人工湿地处理而言,茭白整个生长期用养殖池塘富营养化水按约4 500 m~3·hm~(-2)进行灌溉,其输入的氮、磷量相当于83.55 kg尿素和46.50 kg过磷酸钙。可见,茭鸭共作人工湿地在消纳养殖池塘富营养化水体方面有较大潜力,在适当降低施肥量的前提下,可有效去除富营养化水体中氮、磷含量,提高土壤质量和经济效益。
According to the base of Xiaji town aquatic vegetable in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, four treatments were set up: single wetland for Zizania latifolia, DF0; wetland for monoculture; DFC for local peasants; A total of artificial wetlands, local farmers accustomed to the amount of fertilizer (GFC); duck duck co-constructed wetland, 50% of the local farmers used to fertilizer (GF50% C). The test water was the pond water near the experimental site, and the TN and TP in each treatment plot and the dynamic changes of soil organic matter and available nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that the TN and TP concentrations of DF0 treated surface water decreased to 21.27% and 15.58% of the peak value respectively after 7 days of eutrophication of irrigated ponds. The concentrations of TN and TP in surface fertilized water decreased to the peak on the 7th day after fertilization 8.21% and 6.51%, respectively. Compared with DFC treatment, the removal rates of TN and TP of GF50% C treated surface water were 82.81% and 84.25%, respectively, GF50% C treatment can improve soil organic matter and soil available nutrient content while maintaining the yield and economic benefits. For the co-constructed artificial wetlands, the water consumption of the eutrophicated ponds was about 4 500 m 3 · hm -2 in the whole growing season, and the input of nitrogen and phosphorus was 83.55 kg urea and 46.50 kg superphosphate. It can be seen that there is a great potential for the co-constructed wetland to have eutrophic water in aquaculture ponds. Under the premise of properly reducing the amount of fertilizers, it can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the eutrophic water and improve soil quality and economy benefit.