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双壳类动物是以过滤大量水摄食的远古动物。这样,来自水柱的海洋浮游生物、细菌和滤过性病毒大量集中在贻贝体内。因此,与贝类的消费相联的危险取决于贝类生长区域的有毒海藻和人类病原体微生物的产生和组成。腹泻性贝毒在过去的27年期间在瑞典经常发生。贻贝中毒素含量的最高峰大部分被记录在10～12月,但是这种模式由于区域和年份的不同而有较大的差异,从而使得人们很难预测贻贝中的毒素含量。随着水产养殖业扩大和随之而来的海产品消费的增加,需要更好的风险管理来最大程度地降低藻类毒素和人体病原体对人类的影响。必须执行的新的管理策略是:①养殖装置的适当地点的选择;②定期的和有成本效益的海藻、细菌和病毒监控;③针对排泄物污染的新指标,适于贝类生长的特殊位置的;④迅速向工业产业和公众发布信息,包括风险评估和有关如何应对这种情形的建议。
Bivalves are ancient animals that feed on large volumes of water. In this way, marine plankton, bacteria and viral viruses from the water column are heavily concentrated in mussels. The risks associated with the consumption of shellfish therefore depend on the production and composition of toxic seaweeds and human pathogenic microorganisms in shellfish growing areas. Diarrheal shellfish poisoning has been frequent in Sweden during the past 27 years. Most of the peak of mussel toxin content was recorded from October to December, but this pattern varies greatly by region and year, making it difficult to predict toxins in mussels. As aquaculture expands and consequent increases in seafood consumption, better risk management is needed to minimize the human impact of algal toxins and human pathogens. The new management strategies that must be implemented are: (1) the choice of a suitable site for the farming facilities; (2) regular and cost-effective monitoring of seaweeds, bacteria and viruses; (3) new indicators of contamination of the excrement, ; ④ promptly release information to industry and the public, including risk assessment and advice on how to deal with such situations.