论文部分内容阅读
本文考察世界上艾滋病发病率最高的国家博茨瓦纳近来在艾滋病防治中遇到的保密问题 ,探讨了保密的性质、范围及其法律和道德基础。文章指出 ,保密不仅是患者基本人权的一个方面 ,而且 ,任何通过鼓励自愿暴露病情而达到阻止艾滋病病毒扩散的手段若能生效 ,保密的概念是其关键所在。这样的做法有助于消除社会对艾滋病患者的成见、排斥和歧视。然而 ,保密虽然被广泛视为神圣 ,却从未被当作绝对原则。这种折扣反映了一种妥协 ,一种平衡 :一头是患者的隐私权和保密权 ,另一头是对可能被感染者的保护。因此 ,文章指出 ,任何损害保密原则的过激措施 ,实际上都会阻止而不是鼓励患者坦白病情。而只有患者坦白病情 ,艾滋病病毒的传播才能得到控制。
This article examines the confidentiality recently encountered by Botswana in the world with the highest AIDS prevalence in the fight against AIDS and explores the nature, scope and legal and ethical basis of confidentiality. The article points out that confidentiality is not only an aspect of the patient’s basic human rights, but also that the concept of confidentiality is the key to any means of stopping the spread of HIV by encouraging voluntary exposure. Such an approach helps to eliminate prejudice, exclusion and discrimination in society from AIDS patients. However, confidentiality, though widely regarded as sacred, has never been regarded as absolute principle. This discount reflects a compromise, a balance: one is the patient’s privacy and confidentiality, the other is the protection of those who may be infected. Therefore, the article points out that any over-excitation that undermines the principle of confidentiality will actually deter rather than encourage patients to confess their illness. Only patients with congenital conditions, HIV transmission can be controlled.