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在大田栽培适量施肥和减量施肥条件下研究施用尿素、尿素与控释尿素配施对杭白菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium)产量和氮素利用率的影响。设6个处理:对照不施氮肥(CK11);适量施肥氮肥为尿素(N11)、适量施肥氮肥为尿素与控释尿素配施(N12);减量施肥氮磷钾施用量均减少1/4,对照不施氮肥(CK22),减量施肥为尿素(N21),减量施肥尿素与控释尿素配施减量施肥(N22)。结果表明,与对照相比,施氮处理提高了株花序数、花序直径和单花序质重。采收期,施肥量相同时,控释尿素与尿素配施茎叶部氮素分配比例低于单施尿素处理,花部高于单施尿素处理,表明控释尿素与尿素配施有利于氮素向花序分配,提高产量。适量施肥杭白菊产量高于减量施肥。适量施肥控释尿素与尿素配施比单施尿素增产87.96 kg.hm-2,比减量施肥控释尿素与尿素配施增产124.99 kg.hm-2。施用方式相同时,适量施肥氮肥利用率高于减量施肥,氮肥农学利用率低于减量施肥。施肥量相同时,控释尿素与尿素配施氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率高于单施尿素。在本试验条件下,施氮量120 kg.hm-2,控释尿素(150 d)与尿素按1︰1混合,基施用量占总施氮量50%,控释尿素(90 d)与尿素按1︰1混合,8月15日追施孕蕾肥,施用量占总氮量50%,效果最佳。
The effects of application of urea, urea and controlled release urea on the yield and nitrogen utilization rate of Chrysanthemum morifolium were studied under field cultivation and fertilizer application. Six treatments were as follows: CK11 was not applied in the control; N11 was used as the fertilizer in the proper amount, N12 was used as the fertilizer in the proper amount, and N12% , CK22, N21, and fertilized urea and controlled release urea (N22). The results showed that compared with the control, nitrogen treatment increased the number of inflorescences, inflorescence diameter and weight of single inflorescences. During the harvesting period and the same amount of fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen in the stems and leaves of urea combined with controlled release urea was lower than that of single urea treatment and higher than that of single urea treatment. The results showed that combination of controlled release urea and urea favored nitrogen To the inflorescence distribution, increase production. Appropriate amount of chrysanthemum yield higher than the reduction of fertilization. The amount of controlled release urea fertilizer and urea application than single urea yield 87.96 kg.hm-2, compared with the amount of fertilizer application of urea and urea combined with control yield 124.99 kg.hm-2. The same way of application, the amount of fertilizer application of nitrogen fertilizer is higher than the reduction of fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer use rate lower than fertilizer. The same amount of fertilizer, urea and urea controlled release of urea fertilizer efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization rate higher than urea alone. Under the experimental conditions, nitrogen application rate was 120 kg.hm-2. Controlled release urea (150 d) was mixed with urea at a ratio of 1: 1. The basal application rate was 50% of the total nitrogen application rate. Controlled release urea (90 d) Urea mixed by 1: 1, August 15 chase pregnant bud fertilizer, the amount of total nitrogen accounted for 50%, the best.