明代以儒立国,对佛、道两教采取既控制又利用的政策,将其作为实现皇权统治的思想工具与重要内容。就国家层面而言,明初基于统治的需要对传统道家思想和学说予以重新阐释,通过推行一系列政令,确立明代道士管理的基本准则。从道士群体来看,明代道士自明初就被置于皇权之下,缺少在政治之外独立存在的空间,始终为国家体制中之臣民。道教作为一种信仰体系在明代已趋于崩析,在国家政治、社会伦理架构中呈现出政治化、世俗化等走向。 In the Ming Dynasty, Confucianism and Liugong were adopted, and both the Buddhism and Taoism were controlled and reused as the ideological tools and important contents to realize the rule of imperial power. At the national level, at the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the traditional Taoist ideology and doctrine were reinterpreted on the basis of the need of rule. Through the implementation of a series of decrees, the basic norms of the Taoist administration in the Ming Dynasty were established. From the group of priests, the Ming Dynasty priests were placed under the imperial power since the early Ming Dynasty, lacking the space independent of politics and always being the subjects of the state system. Taoism, as a system of belief, has tended to collapse in the Ming Dynasty and has become politicized and secularized in the country’s political and social ethic structures.