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1.作者观察测量了203个国人的骶骨。2.骶管平均高度是66.8毫米;入口横径平均为31.0毫米,矢状径平均为14.0毫米;出口矢状径平均为5.9毫米,小于2.0毫米者占5.0%。3.骶裂孔可分为三角形23.0%,尖长形19.4%,方形11.3%,长方形11.3%,马蹄形20.0%,其他15.0%为变异的不规则形。4.在骶骨上测量了上下位骶后孔之间的距离及左右位骶后孔之间的距离。5.就203个国人骶骨岬观察的结果,具有重岬者占11.8%;其中85.7%为正常的单岬;于产科内诊测量骨盆入口直径时,应注意重岬。6.耳状面下缘位于第3骶椎中部以下者,男性占74.0%,女性占66.0%,耳状面下缘位于第3骶椎中部以上者,女性占34.0%,而男性为26.0%,女性的耳状面短于男性的耳状面,由于女性骨盆上所有关节面比较男性短的原故。7.骶骨最大高径平均为108.0毫米;上部最大幅径平均为111.0毫米;中部幅径平均为85.0毫米;最高曲径平均为119.0毫米;骶基矢状径平均为31.0毫米,幅径平均为50.0毫米。8.骶骨指数平均为102.7,骶幅指数平均为76.6,骶曲指数平均为110.2,骶骨曲差指数平均为1.85,骶基指数平均为63.3。9.骶骨与骶部麻醉有很大的关系,Trotter及Letterman和卜国铉均曾论及,作者检查203个骶骨中,亦发见阻碍针刺的各种情况,认为在进行国人骶管阻滞麻醉时,应注意下列几点:a)测定骶裂孔位置时,勿误将裂孔边缘的结节状隆起(158.0%)认为骶角,可摸测骶中嵴的末端膨大(58.0%)作为辅助的标志。但也有呈一对结节将隆起者(16.0%)。b)针刺宜在正中线进行,裂孔常有高低位置不同,先从低位针刺,(方形及三角形骶裂孔共占34.3%)再渐行高位针刺(长方形,尖长形及马蹄形骶裂孔共占50.7%)。c)针刺受阻时,应考虑其他15.0%的骶裂孔的变异形状或针刺不入亦应考虑骶裂孔尖端矢状径小于2.0毫米。 d)针刺后软部组织肿胀而药液外漏时应考虑到骶管后壁的全部开放或部份缺裂的情况共占25.5%,不过其中17.5%为骶管后壁上部的裂口,对此并无妨碍。
1. The authors observed the sacrum of 203 Chinese people. 2. The average height of the sacral canal is 66.8 mm; the average diameter of the entrance is 31.0 mm; the average sagittal diameter is 14.0 mm; and the average diameter of the sagittal exit is 5.9 mm. The average sagittal diameter is 5.0%. 3. sacral hiatus can be divided into 23.0% triangular, pointed long 19.4%, square 11.3%, rectangular 11.3%, horseshoe 20.0%, the other 15.0% for the irregular shape. 4. On the sacrum, the distance between the superior and inferior sacral back holes and the distance between the sacral posterior sacral holes were measured. 5. The result of observation of the sacral promontory of 203 people showed that there were 11.8% of the patients with the promontory, 85.7% of them were normal single promontory. 6. The lower edge of the ear surface located below the middle of the 3rd sacral vertebrae, male accounted for 74.0%, female 66.0%, lower edge of the ear surface in the third above the median sacral, 34.0% of women, while men were 26.0% , The female auricle is shorter than the male auricular surface, because of all the articular surface of the female pelvis shorter than the male reason. 7. The maximal sacral height was 108.0 mm on average; the upper maximum was 111.0 mm on average; the average diameter was 85.0 mm on the middle; the mean maximal mean diameter was 119.0 mm; the mean sacral sagittal diameter was 31.0 mm, 50.0 mm. The average sacral index was 102.7, the average sacral index was 76.6, the average sacral index was 110.2, the average sacral tortuosity index was 1.85, and the average sacral base index was 63.3.9. Sacrum and sacral anesthesia have a great relationship, Trotter and Letterman and Bu Kyun-hyun all talked about, the author examines 203 sacrum, also found that hinder the acupuncture in a variety of situations, that people in the country of caudal anesthesia, should note the following: a) determination of sacral hiatus Position, do not mistake the edge of the hole nodular bulge (158.0%) that the sacral angle, measurable sacral crest enlargement (58.0%) as a marker. But there was also a pair of nodules that would bulge (16.0%). b) acupuncture should be carried out in the median line, the hole often have different levels, the first low from the acupuncture (square and triangular sacral fissure accounted for 34.3%) and then high acupuncture (rectangular, pointed long and horseshoe-shaped sacral hole A total of 50.7%). c) When acupuncture is blocked, the other 15.0% sacrococcygotic shapes or acupuncture should be considered. The sagittal diameter of sacral hiatus should also be considered less than 2.0 mm. d) after acupuncture soft tissue swelling and liquid leakage should take into account the sacral canal posterior wall of all open or partially missing the situation accounted for a total of 25.5%, but 17.5% of the sacral canal posterior wall of the upper part of the gap, This does not hinder.