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材料,历来是人类进步的重要里程碑,在史前时期为石器时代,到了公元前三千多年开始了铜器时代,公元前七、八世纪又进入了铁器时代,而现代化的钢铁时代,如果从十九世纪中叶的贝塞麦转炉法和西门子-马丁平炉法炼钢开始,到现在还只有一百多年的历史。随着人类文明的进步,材料的发展日益加速,如石器时代以万年计,铜器时代和铁器时代各只有一、二千年,而现代化的钢铁时代,可能只是一个短暂的历史时期。
Material, has always been an important milestone in human progress, in the prehistoric period for the Stone Age, to the beginning of the Bronze Age more than 3000 BC, the seventh and eighth centuries BC has entered the Iron Age, and the modern steel era, if from The Bessemer converter method and the Siemens-Martin flat furnace method in the middle of the nineteenth century began with only about a hundred years of history. With the progress of human civilization, the material development is accelerating. For example, the Stone Age was measured by a thousand years, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age were only one or two thousand years old. In the era of modern steel, it may be only a brief historic period.