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考纲要求考生书面表达应能:“清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;有效运用所学语言知识。”阅卷老师打分遵循的原则是语言第一位(语言高级),内容第二位(要点齐全),结构第三位(文章分段),即阅卷老师最看重的是语言,也就是“亮点”。处于四、五档的考生,要尽力使用比较复杂结构和较高级词汇,增加“亮点”,展示较强的语言运用能力;有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑等方能获取高分。
一、运用高级词汇使文章表达生动形象,语言精练,文字优美,从而给文章添彩增色
很多同学在写作时,总认为高级词汇很神秘,高不可及。其实,未必如此!通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文,我们发现,很多所谓的高级词汇正是高中阶段我们反复记忆和使用的重要单词、词组和习语。“亮点词汇”,并不等于使用一些偏词、怪词,而是要使用一些生动、具体、形象的词语,并且要运用得准确得体。如:
1. This is a hard job.→This is a challenging job.
2. After supper, the man went to his bedroom.(一般)
After arichmeal, the fatman slowly made his wayto his bedroom.(高级表达——生动形象)
选词原则:高中词汇优先;短语,习语优先;具体词汇优先。
二、运用高级句式,展示较强的语言运用能力
(一)It句型
It句型有很多,作文中常用的有:
It is adj./ n. ( for / of sb./sth.) to do sth/ doing sth./ that clause.(It做形式主语)。
2. find/ think/ consider/ make/ feel… it adj./ n. to do sth./ doing sth / that从句。(It做形式宾语)
3.like/ love/ enjoy/ prefer/ appreciate/ hate… it if/when从句。
4. It is (high) time that sb.did / should do sth.该句型表示“某人早该做某事了”(虚拟语气)。
(二)非谓语动词,with的复合结构,独立主格结构
用非谓语动词比使用复合句会使句子显得更简洁,更紧凑,更高级,更有文采。必能吸引阅卷老师的眼球。
1. With more and more cars coming into ordinary families, our environment will be polluted seriously.(with的复合结构)
2. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. (独立主格——高级)
(三)被动句
根据文章的需要适当使用被动句能够使语言更丰富,表现力更强,必能使看腻了主动句的阅卷老师眼前一亮。例如:
We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used.
(四)并列句
两个简单句分别表达会令句子读起来缺乏连贯性和逻辑性,而加上并列连词改造成并列句后逻辑严密得多,句式也高级得多。常用并列连词或短语有:and, but,or, so,for,while, when, either…or,neither…nor, not only… but also等。
(五)复合句
使用定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,使句子和句子之间自然地、巧妙地连接起来,避免文章平淡无味,从而使语言流畅,内容饱满,逻辑严密。
(六)特殊句式
倒装句、感叹句、强调句、省略句等特殊句式和虚拟语气的运用,能够增强文章的节奏感和韵律美。
1. Only by working hard can we make contributions to our society in the future.
2. As is shown in the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree.
(七)运用谚语,名言,警句能起到画龙点睛的表达效果
1. As a saying goes, every coin has two sides.
2. Just as the proverb puts it,“Actions speak louder than words”, so please take action right away to save resources.
三、运用过渡性词语使文章过渡自然,流畅连贯,条理清晰
1.在一个句子内部插入过渡性词语或句子。
2.在两个简单句之间加上过渡性词语,使其逻辑更严密,过渡更自然。
3.在表达观点的陈述句前加过渡性插入语:in my opinion, from my point of view, personally speaking,as far as I’m concerned, as we all know等往往使句式更丰满,逻辑更严密,说理更充分,从而增强了文章的表达效果。
4.在句首常用一些副词使句子更连贯,更高级。
常用过渡性词语:
(1)表示时间关系:first/ first of all/ firstly, second / secondly, finally/ at last/ in the end, then, afterwards, later,meanwhile/ at the same time, so far, immediately, recently;
(2)表示转折、对称关系:but, while, however/ nevertheless, instead, otherwise, on the contrary, though,on one hand, on the other hand;for one thing, for another;
(3)表示因果关系:because (of), thanks to, for, as a result/ consequence, consequently,therefore, thus;
(4)表示递进关系:besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s worse, worse still;
(5)表示陈述事实:in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact, actually, to tell the truth;
(6)表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, in conclusion, to conclude,to sum up.
不能把简单问题复杂化,不能刻意追求复杂的语言现象而过多使用较复杂的语法结构和句式,从而使语言生涩难懂,甚至错误百出,所以要记住“流畅为好,高级为妙”。
一、运用高级词汇使文章表达生动形象,语言精练,文字优美,从而给文章添彩增色
很多同学在写作时,总认为高级词汇很神秘,高不可及。其实,未必如此!通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文,我们发现,很多所谓的高级词汇正是高中阶段我们反复记忆和使用的重要单词、词组和习语。“亮点词汇”,并不等于使用一些偏词、怪词,而是要使用一些生动、具体、形象的词语,并且要运用得准确得体。如:
1. This is a hard job.→This is a challenging job.
2. After supper, the man went to his bedroom.(一般)
After arichmeal, the fatman slowly made his wayto his bedroom.(高级表达——生动形象)
选词原则:高中词汇优先;短语,习语优先;具体词汇优先。
二、运用高级句式,展示较强的语言运用能力
(一)It句型
It句型有很多,作文中常用的有:
It is adj./ n. ( for / of sb./sth.) to do sth/ doing sth./ that clause.(It做形式主语)。
2. find/ think/ consider/ make/ feel… it adj./ n. to do sth./ doing sth / that从句。(It做形式宾语)
3.like/ love/ enjoy/ prefer/ appreciate/ hate… it if/when从句。
4. It is (high) time that sb.did / should do sth.该句型表示“某人早该做某事了”(虚拟语气)。
(二)非谓语动词,with的复合结构,独立主格结构
用非谓语动词比使用复合句会使句子显得更简洁,更紧凑,更高级,更有文采。必能吸引阅卷老师的眼球。
1. With more and more cars coming into ordinary families, our environment will be polluted seriously.(with的复合结构)
2. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. (独立主格——高级)
(三)被动句
根据文章的需要适当使用被动句能够使语言更丰富,表现力更强,必能使看腻了主动句的阅卷老师眼前一亮。例如:
We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used.
(四)并列句
两个简单句分别表达会令句子读起来缺乏连贯性和逻辑性,而加上并列连词改造成并列句后逻辑严密得多,句式也高级得多。常用并列连词或短语有:and, but,or, so,for,while, when, either…or,neither…nor, not only… but also等。
(五)复合句
使用定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,使句子和句子之间自然地、巧妙地连接起来,避免文章平淡无味,从而使语言流畅,内容饱满,逻辑严密。
(六)特殊句式
倒装句、感叹句、强调句、省略句等特殊句式和虚拟语气的运用,能够增强文章的节奏感和韵律美。
1. Only by working hard can we make contributions to our society in the future.
2. As is shown in the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree.
(七)运用谚语,名言,警句能起到画龙点睛的表达效果
1. As a saying goes, every coin has two sides.
2. Just as the proverb puts it,“Actions speak louder than words”, so please take action right away to save resources.
三、运用过渡性词语使文章过渡自然,流畅连贯,条理清晰
1.在一个句子内部插入过渡性词语或句子。
2.在两个简单句之间加上过渡性词语,使其逻辑更严密,过渡更自然。
3.在表达观点的陈述句前加过渡性插入语:in my opinion, from my point of view, personally speaking,as far as I’m concerned, as we all know等往往使句式更丰满,逻辑更严密,说理更充分,从而增强了文章的表达效果。
4.在句首常用一些副词使句子更连贯,更高级。
常用过渡性词语:
(1)表示时间关系:first/ first of all/ firstly, second / secondly, finally/ at last/ in the end, then, afterwards, later,meanwhile/ at the same time, so far, immediately, recently;
(2)表示转折、对称关系:but, while, however/ nevertheless, instead, otherwise, on the contrary, though,on one hand, on the other hand;for one thing, for another;
(3)表示因果关系:because (of), thanks to, for, as a result/ consequence, consequently,therefore, thus;
(4)表示递进关系:besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s worse, worse still;
(5)表示陈述事实:in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact, actually, to tell the truth;
(6)表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, in conclusion, to conclude,to sum up.
不能把简单问题复杂化,不能刻意追求复杂的语言现象而过多使用较复杂的语法结构和句式,从而使语言生涩难懂,甚至错误百出,所以要记住“流畅为好,高级为妙”。