急性呼吸道感染(ARI)是小儿最常见的疾病之一。据统计,在发展中国家ARI占儿科门诊病例的30％～50％,住院病儿的20％～40％。世界每年约有1300万5岁以下的要幼儿死亡,其中95％发生在发展中国家,列于首位的死因即为ARI,ARI中主要导致死亡的疾病是肺炎。 通过肺穿刺对吸取物培养是发现及鉴别肺炎病原菌的最敏感和准确的方法,其次为血培养。根据以上两 Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the most common diseases in children. According to statistics, in developing countries, ARI accounts for 30% to 50% of pediatric outpatient cases and 20% to 40% of hospitalized children. Approximately 13 million under-five children die each year in the world, 95% of them in developing countries. The top cause of death is ARI. The leading cause of death in ARI is pneumonia. The culture of the aspirate by pulmonary puncture is the most sensitive and accurate method for the identification and identification of pneumonia pathogens, followed by blood culture. According to the above two