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田间试验机械化是提高作物育种工作效率的关键环节,是获得正确育种试验结果的重要措施。根据小区育种小麦收获试验要求,设计了一种由钉齿式圆柱滚筒与短纹杆—板齿锥型滚筒组成的纵轴流双滚筒小区育种脱粒分离装置,通过论述该装置总体配置方案,完成其关键部件(脱粒滚筒、分离滚筒)结构与运动参数设计计算,确定脱粒滚筒的平均直径为450 mm、分离滚筒的直径为430 mm,两者的转速分别在764-892 RPM和888-1 022RPM,计算得出分离滚筒的脱粒元件数为36个,且装置适宜的喂入量需小于2.7 kg/s。利用该装置进行了育种小麦脱粒分离试验结果表明,当喂入量由1.8 kg/s向2.6 kg/s变化,脱粒滚筒转速为760 RPM、分离滚筒转速为1 020RPM时,装置脱粒损失率为0.32%-0.36%、种子破碎率为0.51%-0.62%、籽粒含杂率为2.48%-2.92%。研究表明,纵轴流双滚筒小区育种脱粒分离装置针对物料脱粒难易程度能够实现有序脱粒作业,其脱出物料分布均匀,有较强的适应性,各项技术指标均达到国家标准要求。
Field experiment mechanization is a key step to improve the efficiency of crop breeding and is an important measure to get the correct breeding test results. According to the wheat harvesting test requirements of plot breeding, a longitudinal barrel twin-barrel breeding threshing and separating device consisting of a pin-type cylindrical roller and a short rod-plate tooth cone roller was designed. By discussing the overall configuration of the device, The design and calculation of the structure and movement parameters of its key components (barrel, separation drum) were carried out. The average diameter of the barrel was 450 mm and the diameter of the separation drum was 430 mm. The rotational speeds of the two were 764-892 RPM and 888-1 022RPM respectively , The number of threshing elements of the separating drum is calculated to be 36, and the appropriate feeding amount of the device should be less than 2.7 kg / s. The results showed that the threshing loss rate of the device was 0.32 when the feeding amount changed from 1.8 kg / s to 2.6 kg / s, the rotating speed of the barrel was 760 RPM and the rotating speed of the separating drum was 1 020 RPM % -0.36%, seed breaking rate 0.51% -0.62%, grain impurity rate 2.48% -2.92%. The research shows that the vertical axial flow twin drum cell breeding threshing and separating device can achieve the orderly threshing operation according to the difficulty of material threshing. The projectile material is evenly distributed and has strong adaptability. All the technical indexes meet the requirements of the national standard.