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传统上社会救助问题的解决主要是侧重社会公平的实现并由政府主导进行,但过于强调社会公正的制度目标可能会造成对效率价值的忽视,进而反过来会影响社会救助的长远发展。在此经验和教训基础上,发达国家开始对特定社会救助项目的实施途径展开社会化或民营化的实践。使得社会救助出现了从国家救济为主、民间慈善义举为辅的传统模式到政府、社区、社会组织、公众等多元救助主体承担各负其责的现代模式的转向。本文主要分析比较了域外社会救助民营化的基本模式,以期对中国社会救助政策和制度选择提供一定的借鉴与参考。
Traditionally, the solution to the problem of social assistance mainly focuses on the realization of social fairness and is led by the government. Too much emphasis on social and institutional goals may result in the neglect of the value of efficiency, which in turn will affect the long-term development of social assistance. Based on this experience and lessons learned, the developed countries started to carry out the socialization or privatization of the implementation of specific social assistance programs. Making the social assistance emerge from the traditional model of national relief, supplemented by folk charity, to diversification of the government, community, social organizations, the public and other diversified subject to assume the responsibility of the modern model of the shift. This paper analyzes and compares the basic models of extra-territorial social assistance privatization in order to provide some reference and reference for China’s social assistance policy and system choice.