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目前,世界上公认具有独特抗癌活性的紫杉醇主要来源于红豆杉属植物,该类植物在全球共有12种,均被所在国列为濒危树种保护。然而可利用的野生红豆杉属植物资源十分有限,急需加大引种栽培以满足人们对紫杉醇的需求。根据红豆杉属植物生长的生态相似性原理预测其在全球的适宜产地,为植物科学引种和合理规划生产布局提出建议。本文采用中国中医科学院中药研究所研发的药用植物全球生态适宜性分析系统(geographic information system for global medicinal plants,GMPGIS)详细分析了红豆杉属植物在全球范围内的潜在生态适宜分布区域。其中,红豆杉、南方红豆杉、欧洲红豆杉、短叶红豆杉和喜马拉雅红豆杉生态阈值范围广,在南北半球均有较大的适生区;东北红豆杉主要分布于北半球,南半球仅有零星分布;加拿大红豆杉、佛罗里达红豆杉和矮紫杉仅分布于北半球,且后两种预测产区相对较少;密叶红豆杉、墨西哥红豆杉和南洋红豆杉生长环境要求相对苛刻,属于小生境物种,在全球范围内有零星分布,面积均较小。本研究为扩大红豆杉属植物的种植,增加其资源量,保障紫杉醇生产的原料起到重要推进作用。最后,本文对红豆杉属植物品质生态及其资源保护等方面进行了阐述,为科学引种和栽培以获得高品质药材提供参考。
At present, paclitaxel, which is recognized as having unique anticancer activity in the world, mainly comes from the genus Taxus. There are 12 kinds of paclitaxel in the world, all of which are listed as the endangered tree species in the host country. However, available wild yew genus resources are very limited, urgent need to increase the introduction of cultivation to meet people’s demand for paclitaxel. Based on the ecological similarity principle of the growth of Taxus plants, it is predicted that it will be suitable for producing in the world. It is suggested that plant science should be introduced and the production layout should be reasonably planned. In this paper, geographic information system for global medicinal plants (GMPGIS) developed by Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was used to analyze the potential ecological distribution of the genus Taxus in the world. Taxus chinensis, Taxus chinensis, Taxus chinensis, Taxus chinensis and Himalayan yew had a wide range of ecological thresholds, and had large habitat areas in the northern and southern hemispheres. Taxus cuspidate mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere and only sporadic in the southern hemisphere Distribution; Taxus chinensis, Taxus chinensis and shortish yews only distributed in the northern hemisphere, and the latter two predicted areas are relatively small; Demi-yemen, Taxus chinensis and Taxus chinensis growth environment is relatively demanding, are niche Species, sporadic distribution in the world, the area is small. This study played an important role in promoting the cultivation of Taxus, increasing its resources and ensuring the raw materials of paclitaxel production. Finally, the paper described the ecology and resource protection of the genus Taxus, and provided references for the scientific introduction and cultivation of high quality medicinal materials.