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作者复习文献,统计经手术证实的外淋巴瘘115例。外伤及手术等医源性以及先天性者均不包括在内。按病因分气压性与特发性二类。男性53例,女性44例;年龄6～68岁,平均35.9岁。特发性外淋巴瘘于小儿期有发病高峰,似与耳蜗导水管年龄愈小容量愈小有关。幼儿难以主诉眩晕,可能有不少病例漏诊。右耳发病37例,左耳46例,双耳6例。左耳稍多。颞骨断层X线摄影,耳蜗导水管多未见异常。发病诱因、特发性者,多有过劳、上呼吸道感染;气压性者多有潜水史。似与脑脊液及鼓室内压急剧变化有关。86%耳聋为突发性,但有8例为进行性,3例为波动性;另有6.9%病例无耳聋而仅有眩晕。术前电测听及前庭功能检查价值不大;B(?)yⅡ型较多见。半规管轻瘫及瘘孔症状比头位性眼震和自发性眼震为多见。前庭窗破裂较圆窗破裂瘘孔症状多见。
The authors review the literature, statistics of 115 cases of perilymph fistula confirmed by surgery. Traumatic and surgical iatrogenic and congenital are not included. According to the cause of sub-pressure and idiopathic type II. 53 males and 44 females; aged 6 to 68 years, mean 35.9 years old. Idiopathic lymphatic fistula in the incidence of pediatric peak, it seems with the smaller diameter of the cochlear duct smaller capacity related. Children are difficult to complain of dizziness, there may be many cases of missed diagnosis. The incidence of right ear in 37 cases, 46 cases of left ear, ears in 6 cases. Slightly more left ear Temporal bone tomography X-ray, cochlear duct more than normal. Incentives, idiopathic, and more than fatigue, upper respiratory tract infection; pressure and more history of diving. Like with cerebrospinal fluid and tympanic pressure on the dramatic changes. Eighty-six percent of deafness was sudden, but eight were progressive and three were volatile; the other 6.9% were deaf and only dizzy. Preoperative electrical audiometry and vestibular function test value is not; B (?) Y Ⅱ type more common. Semicircular canal paralysis and fistula symptoms than the first nystagmus and spontaneous nystagmles more common. Vestibular rupture ruptured fistula hole more common symptoms.