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应用ISSR分子标记对安徽琅琊山自然保护区和牯牛降自然风景区引起蜘蛛流行病的紫色野村菌Nomuraea atypicola遗传多样性进行了研究。筛出的9个ISSR引物共扩增出117条带,多态性比率高达94%。ISSR扩增结果显示:22株紫色野村菌之间的遗传分化较大,Jaccard遗传相似系数为0.48-0.88,平均为0.71。UPGMA方法构建的系统树表明,在遗传相似系数0.60处,22株紫色野村菌按照两个自然保护区明显分为2大类群。第一大类是分离自琅琊山不同蜘蛛的10株菌株,其种群内平均遗传相似系数为0.74。第二大类是采自牯牛降不同蜘蛛的12株菌株,其种群内平均遗传相似系数为0.76。种群内的遗传相似性虽高于种群间的遗传相似性,但未见两株菌株的ISSR指纹图谱相同或高度相似。这表明,不管是在琅琊山还是在牯牛降,紫色野村菌的两个种群均无优势的流行菌株。两地的蜘蛛流行病都是由高度异质的紫色野村菌种群造成的。紫色野村菌的菌株遗传相似性和地理来源相关而和寄主无关。
The ISSR molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of Nomuraea atypicola in the endemic areas of Langya Mountain Nature Reserve and Jianniu Nature Reserve in Anhui Province. A total of 117 bands were screened out by 9 ISSR primers screened out, with a polymorphism rate of 94%. The results of ISSR amplification showed that the genetic differentiation of 22 purple Nomura strains was large, Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient was 0.48-0.88, with an average of 0.71. The phylogenetic tree constructed by UPGMA method showed that at the genetic similarity coefficient 0.60, 22 purple Nomura strains were apparently divided into two groups according to the two nature reserves. The first category is 10 strains isolated from different spiders in Langya Mountain. The average genetic similarity coefficient within the population is 0.74. The second major category is 12 strains collected from different spiders, with an average genetic similarity coefficient of 0.76 within the population. Although the genetic similarity within the population was higher than that between the populations, no ISSR fingerprinting of the two strains was identical or highly similar. This indicates that there is no dominant epidemic strain in either of the two populations of the purple Nomura strain, either in Langya or in cattle. The spiders epidemic in both places is caused by the highly heterogeneous population of purple Nomura. The genetic similarity of the strains of Nomura was related to geographical origin but not to the host.