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目的:通过对宁夏五市脑卒中患者的调查研究,以明确宁夏地区脑卒中危险因素的构成状况和发病特点,为脑卒中防治提供依据。方法:选择2009年9月—2011年9月就诊于宁夏地区五市中医院的410例脑卒中患者为研究对象;设计脑卒中危险因素和发病特点调查量表;统计分析调查资料,对卒中类型、性别、年龄、民族、高血压等多种危险因素进行描述性分析。结果:宁夏脑卒中发病类型以脑梗死为主(304/410,74.15%);脑梗死危险因素排序为高血压病、高脂血症和糖尿病,脑出血依次是高血压病、酗酒、糖尿病;汉族患者发病率明显高于回族(P<0.05);脑出血和脑梗死均于冬季多发(12～2月)(P<0.05)。结论:宁夏脑卒中患者发病类型以脑梗死多见;“三高”并存率较高,降压、降糖、降脂是重要的预防治疗;55～64岁和65～74岁是脑卒中的高发年龄,也是本病预防的重点人群;回族和其他少数民族患者脑卒中发病低于汉族,可能与就诊人群较少有关,有待进一步开展大样本的流行病学调查研究。
Objective: To investigate the constitution of stroke risk factors and the characteristics of stroke in Ningxia through investigation and research of five stroke patients in Ningxia, and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods: From September 2009 to September 2011, 410 stroke patients from five cities of Chinese medicine hospital in Ningxia were enrolled in this study. The stroke risk factors and incidence characteristics questionnaire were designed. The data of the survey were analyzed statistically. , Sex, age, ethnicity, high blood pressure and other risk factors for descriptive analysis. Results: The incidence of stroke in Ningxia was mainly cerebral infarction (304 / 410,74.15%). The risk factors of cerebral infarction were hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, followed by hypertension, alcoholism and diabetes mellitus. The morbidity of Han patients was significantly higher than that of Hui nationality (P <0.05). Both cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction occurred frequently in winter (from December to February) (P <0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of cerebral infarction is more common in stroke patients in Ningxia. The coexistence rate of high blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid are important prevention and treatment. In 55 ~ 64 and 65 ~ 74, The high incidence of stroke is also the focus of prevention of this disease crowd; Hui and other ethnic minority patients with stroke lower than the Han population may be less relevant to the treatment population, pending further large sample epidemiological investigation.