上山下乡的启动湖南知识青年上山下乡始于２０世纪５０年代中叶。其历史背景有三：一是当时有一部分城市中小学毕业生既不能升学，也不能就业。二是由于农业合作社的高速发展，需要一大批财务会计、记工员、扫盲辅导员等。这一大批人到哪里去找呢？毛泽东说，可以动员大批的中 Up the countryside to start the Hunan knowledge youth up the mountain to the countryside began in the mid-1950s. There are three historical backgrounds: First, at that time, some urban primary and secondary school graduates were neither able to go to school nor work. Second, because of the rapid development of agricultural cooperatives, a large number of financial accountants, journalists and literacy counselors are needed. Where do a large number of people find it? Mao Zedong said that we can mobilize a large number of middlemen