运动的生物学和心理效益差异极大,对其因果关系所作科学论证,也很不同。其中有些效益是已经充分肯定的,任何人只要从事适当运动,就能取得。有些效益虽常为运动倡导者所称道,一般并未体现,有时甚至由于建议不当,致使病人承受不必要的风险:因运动而罹病或死亡。像其它很多保健领域一样,热心帮助人,鼓励人运动,也很易做得过头,超越了科学极限。运动能促进健康虽说不是什么新观点,但运动究竟能产生什么样的健康效益以及对运动的需要情况,很多细节仍有争议,有待继续深入研究。运动和运动耐量提高运动耐量或体力最有效的方法是系统增加惯常的运动量(体育锻炼)。由此增加的耐量,反映机体对不同组织和生物功能所受应力作用作 The biological and psychological benefits of exercise vary considerably, and the scientific justification for causation is quite different. Some of these benefits have been fully affirmed, and anyone who has acquired proper exercise can obtain it. While some of the benefits, as often advocated by athletic advocates, have generally not been demonstrated, there are times when improper recommendations sometimes lead to patients being exposed to unnecessary risk of illness or death from exercise. Like many other areas of health, it is easy to over-reach scientific limits by helping others and encouraging people’s movements. Although it is not a new idea that exercise can promote health, there are many details that are still controversial and are yet to be further studied in the light of what kind of health benefits and needs of sports can be produced. Exercise and exercise tolerance The most effective way to increase exercise tolerance or physical strength is to increase the amount of exercise (physical activity) that the system normally uses. The increased tolerance therefore reflects the body’s stress on different tissues and biological functions