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以野外勘探、室内理论分析与建模为主要研究方法,以数字高程模型(GDEM)和实测数据为基础进行统计分析,发现坡向对多年冻土分布具有重要影响。针对青藏高原温泉区域地形的复杂性,基于分区的方法将研究区分为平原区和山区两个地形区。对于平原区来说,考虑到苦海湖泊对多年冻土的影响,将苦海滩地单独划出并采用专家知识完成冻土制图,其余平原区采用建立的地温模型进行冻土制图;对于山区来说,通过定量化研究坡向对冻土地温的影响建立了基于坡向调整作用下的地温模型,应用此模型完成了山区的冻土分布图。以地温作为冻土类型划分的依据,分析了研究区域冻土的空间分布与特征,结果表明:多年冻土的分布面积为1 681.4km2,占整个区域的66.7%,其中,过渡型和亚稳定型多年冻土为主要多年冻土类型,两者占整个研究区域的50.8%,其次为不稳定型多年冻土(11.4%),稳定型和极稳定型多年冻土的面积比例相对较小(4.4%和0.2%)。从空间分布格局来看,冻土分布具有明显的垂直分带特征,随着海拔高度的升高,冻土地温逐渐降低,冻土类型依次经历季节冻土-不稳定型多年冻土-过渡型多年冻土-亚稳定型多年冻土-稳定型多年冻土-极稳定型多年冻土的变化。
Taking the field exploration and indoor theoretical analysis and modeling as the main research methods, the statistical analysis based on the digital elevation model (GDEM) and the measured data shows that the aspect has an important influence on the permafrost distribution. In view of the complexity of terrain in the hot spring area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the study is divided into two terrain areas, plain area and mountainous area, based on the method of zoning. For plain areas, taking into account the impact of bitter lakes on permafrost, the bitter beach land alone to draw and use the expert knowledge to complete the map of the frozen soil, the remaining plain area using the establishment of the geothermal model for frozen soil mapping; for the mountain , A geothermal model based on slope adjustment was established by quantitatively studying the effect of aspect on the geotemperature of frozen soil. The permafrost distribution map was completed by using this model. Taking the ground temperature as the basis for the classification of permafrost, the spatial distribution and characteristics of permafrost in the study area were analyzed. The results showed that the distribution area of permafrost was 1 681.4 km 2, accounting for 66.7% of the total area, of which transitional and metastable Type permafrost is the main permafrost type, both of which account for 50.8% of the total area under study, followed by unstable permafrost (11.4%), and the area ratio of stable and extremely stable permafrost is relatively small 4.4% and 0.2%). From the spatial distribution pattern, the distribution of permafrost has obvious vertical zonation. As the altitude increases, the ground temperature of permafrost decreases gradually, and the types of permafrost undergo seasonal frozen soil-unstable permafrost-transitional Permafrost - Sub - stable Permafrost - Stabilized Permafrost - Extremely Steady Permafrost Changes.