目的：探讨原发性肝癌肿瘤血管密度与预后的关系并观察栓塞后肿瘤血管密度的变化。方法：选取 57例单纯手术切除（单纯组）、 57例经肝动脉栓塞化疗术后行二期切除（介入组）并经病理证实的原发性肝癌。两组病例采用小鼠抗人 CD31单克隆抗体来标记人的血管内皮细胞，用标记的链白素－生物素辣根过氧化酶复合物法检测原发性肝癌组织中的微血管。结果：介入组和单纯组肿瘤微血管密度（ microvessels density,MVD）与肿瘤的大小、边界是否清楚、有无包膜、肝硬化的程度、肿瘤细胞的分化程度、门脉癌栓的关系在统计上无显著差异（ P值均大于 0.05）。两组中术后出现复发的病例，其癌巢及癌周的平均 MVD计数均高于未复发的病例. Objective: To investigate the relationship between vascular density and prognosis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and to observe the changes of vascular density after embolization. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with primary hepatic carcinoma who underwent secondary resection (intervention group) and pathologically confirmed hepatic artery embolization after chemotherapy were selected. In both groups, mouse vascular endothelial cells were labeled with mouse anti-human CD31 monoclonal antibody, and microvessels in primary liver cancer tissue were detected with the labeled chain leptin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex method. RESULTS: The relationship between microvessel density (MVD) and size, borderline of tumor, presence or absence of capsule, degree of liver cirrhosis, degree of differentiation of tumor cells, portal vein tumor thrombosis was statistically significant in the intervention group and the simple group. No significant difference (P values ​​greater than 0.05). In both cases, postoperative and postoperative recurrences, the mean MVD counts in the cancer nests and the cancerous weeks were higher than those without recurrences.