本文对照分析了1958～1984年我院儿科死亡病例中尸解344例的临床诊断与病理诊断,其中主要临床诊断与病理诊断不符者36例;相符而有遗漏者39例;猝死尚未能做出临床诊断者17例。误诊或漏诊的病种随年龄而异。344例中先天畸形71例,12例被检出胸腺发育不全,重症退化或肥大等。通过尸解与临床对照分析,说明尸解对提高医疗水平的重要性。 In this paper, we analyzed the clinical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis of 344 autopsy cases in our hospital from 1958 to 1984, of which 36 cases did not match with the main clinical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis. Out of clinical diagnosis in 17 cases. Diseases misdiagnosed or missed vary with age. Of the 344 patients with congenital malformations in 71 cases, 12 cases were detected thymus hypoplasia, severe degeneration or hypertrophy. By autopsy and clinical control analysis, explain the importance of autopsy to improve the medical level.