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科技研究和开发(简称R＆D)投资是衡量一个国家经济发展和科技水平的重要标志。冷战结束后,美国的工业企业、高新技术产业发展速度减缓,使美国国际竞争地位下降。对此,克林顿政府对科技政策进行了重大调整,其中包括R＆D的投资策略。 1994年美国工业企业,政府和大学在R＆D上的投资总额为1760亿美元,占美国国内总产值的2.6％,大于世界上任何一个国家。统计资料表明,与此相比1992年美国用于R＆D的开支比日本、德国和法国三国R＆D开支加起来还多28％,然而这三个国家用
Technology research and development (R & D) investment is a measure of a country’s economic development and an important indicator of science and technology. After the Cold War, the industrial and high-tech industries in the United States have been slowing down, thus reducing the U.S. international competitive position. In response, the Clinton administration made major adjustments to its science and technology policy, including its R & D investment strategy. In 1994, U.S. industrial enterprises, governments and universities invested a total of R $ 176 billion in R & D, accounting for 2.6% of the U.S. gross domestic product, more than any other country in the world. Statistics show that compared with 1992, R & D expenses for R & D in the United States added 28% more than R & D spending in Japan, Germany and France. However, these three countries used