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我国西藏地区冰湖分布十分广泛,随着时间的推移,气温逐渐升高,一些冰湖出现消融现象,部分冰湖溃决直接导致灾害级联效应产生,进一步诱发了洪水、泥石流等次生灾害,因此及时开展冰湖溃决机制及其危险性研究十分必要。为了更好地详细分析冰湖溃决的机制及致灾危险性模式,重点选取西藏波密县米堆沟泥石流的源头光谢错为研究对象,开展了野外调查取样、室内物理实验及高精度遥感解译等一系列工作,分析结果表明光谢错溃决外因是由异常气候和水文条件诱发的,内因是在终碛堤溃决过程中存在溢流型和管涌型两种机制。光谢错溃决后逐步完成了由洪水向稀性泥石流的转变过程,泥石流的运移严重威胁到沟道两岸村庄、道路及耕地的安全。通过对光谢错溃决机制的研究能够为藏东南地区冰湖溃决的防治及预警提供科学的依据。
The distribution of glacial lakes in Tibet is very extensive in our country. With the passage of time, temperatures gradually increase and some glacial lakes appear to ablate. Some glacial lakes directly lead to the cascade effect of disasters, further inducing secondary disasters such as floods and debris flows, Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out the research on the mechanism of ice-lake collapse and its danger in time. In order to analyze the mechanism of ice-lake collapse and the risk model of hazard seriously, the source of light and the fault of the Mishweigou debris flow in Bomi County, Tibet are selected as the research object, field investigation sampling, laboratory physical experiment and high-precision remote sensing Interpretation and a series of work. The analysis results show that the external cause of light Xie fault fault is induced by the abnormal climate and hydrological conditions. The internal cause is that there are two kinds of mechanisms of overflow type and piping type in the final moraine embankment collapse. Light Xie fault after the collapse gradually completed by the flood to thin debris flow of the process of change, debris flow seriously threaten the cross-strait village, road and farmland safety. Through the research on mechanism of photoacoring and error breakdown, it can provide a scientific basis for prevention and early warning of glacial lake outburst in southeastern Tibet.