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自决与自治分别是国际法和国内法上的概念,两者的主要区别主要表现在:内在含义不同、所属范畴不同、行为主体不同、政治功能不同。两者之间的联系主要表现在:自决是自治的前提,而自治是自决的一种结果形式。目前学术界将自决与自治的关系搞混的一个重要原因,是西方学者将自决划分为内部自决和外部自决,并将“内部自决”等同于自治。解决这一混乱的最简单办法就是不要在国际法层面上对自决进行内外划分,也不要在国际法层面上再使用自治的概念。
Self-determination and autonomy are respectively the concepts of international law and domestic law. The main differences between the two are as follows: different internal meanings, different categories, different actors and different political functions. The main link between the two is that self-determination is the prerequisite for self-government, and that autonomy is a result of self-determination. At present, an important reason why academics confuse the relationship between self-determination and autonomy is that western scholars classify self-determination as internal self-determination and external self-determination and equate “internal self-determination” with autonomy. The simplest solution to this turmoil is not to divide internal and external self-determination at the level of international law nor to re-apply the concept of autonomy at the level of international law.