甲壳素/壳聚糖是地球上蕴藏最丰富的天然高分子有机物之一,但是甲壳素/壳聚糖的分子量大,不易溶于水等普通溶剂,使其应用受到极大限制。由甲壳素/壳聚糖降解制备的甲壳低聚糖,因为具有许多独特的生理活性而日益受到研究者们的关注。本文简述了甲壳低聚糖的多种生物特性,综述了其制备方法,包括化学降解法、物理降解法、生物降解法等,并分析了其未来发展的方向。 Chitin / Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural macromolecular organic substances on the earth. However, the molecular weight of chitin / chitosan is not large enough to dissolve in ordinary solvents such as water, which limits its application. Chitooligosaccharides prepared by the degradation of chitin / chitosan are attracting more and more researchers’ attention because of their many unique physiological activities. This article describes a variety of biological properties of chitooligosaccharides, reviewed its preparation methods, including chemical degradation, physical degradation, biodegradation, etc., and analyzed its future development.