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某些元素的化合物,被一定波长范围内的光线照射时,能发生可见的光谱,即波长较长的光谱。这种光谱可分为两种:在激发后所发生的光在10~(-9)秒钟内就停熄的是荧光,另一种大于此限度的是磷光。如果我们所用的光源强度不变,则激发后所产生的荧光强度与所含某元素化合物的浓度成正比例,铀的荧光分析就是利用这种原理。而用于分析铀的激发光源,一般的是紫外光线(波长主要为3650A)。铀在这种波长的光源激发下所产生的荧光强度与化合物的成分有关,轴的氟化物荧光较强,可以检查出10~(-10)克的铀(需有灵敏的仪器)。在此情况下,有些元素亦能发生与铀相似的荧光,如高锡矿能发生黄绿色之荧光。但亦有些元素也能阻止铀发生荧光,那就要做适当的处理,予以除去。通常所用的方法不外乎下列几种。一种是直接方法,又叫冲稀方法,就是不用化学分离的方法而采取用极少量的样品进行分析,使其能阻止发荧光的元素的含量降低到没有干扰;另一种方法就是要从其他元素中分离出铀,其中最常用的是以碳酸钠沉淀其他元素,使铀成为一种碳酸盐的络合物Na_4[UO_2(CO_3)_2]残留于溶液中,并用有机试剂萃取法使铀与其他元素分离。在这方面,分析工作者做过很多工作,在文献和科学杂志上也有所发表,而我们现在所试验的方法,是二者的结合,就是用碳酸盐分离后再采用冲稀的方法。经过这样的简单处理,会得到较好的结果,并且能够应用到较复杂的矿石中去。关于这项工作我们是才开始,尤其是在某些方面试验作得很少甚至没有作,有些工作还有待今后来做,请各位从事分析工作的同志多指教。 方法摘要 将含铀的矿物用盐酸和过氧化氢溶解(难溶解的矿石需用熔融法),再用碳酸盐中和并过量,铀即存在于溶液中。用已经烧好之氟化钠小球浸清,与已知含量之小球相比较。
Certain elements of the compound, is a certain wavelength range of light irradiation, the visible spectrum, that is, the longer wavelength spectrum. This spectrum can be divided into two types: the fluorescence that occurs when the light is quenched in 10 to (-9) seconds after quenching is fluorescent, and the other is phosphorescence that exceeds this limit. If we use the same intensity of the light source, the intensity of the fluorescence generated after excitation is proportional to the concentration of the elemental compound contained. Uranium fluorescence analysis uses this principle. For the analysis of uranium excitation light source, the general is the ultraviolet light (the wavelength is mainly 3650A). The fluorescence intensity of uranium excited by the light source of this wavelength is related to the composition of the compound. The fluorite of the axis is strong and can detect 10 to 10 grams of uranium (a sensitive instrument is required). In this case, some elements can also generate uranium similar fluorescence, such as high-tin ore can occur yellow-green fluorescence. However, some elements can also prevent uranium from being fluorescent, so proper treatment should be done and removed. The usual method is nothing more than the following. One is the direct method, also known as dilute thin method, is not the method of chemical separation and take a very small amount of sample analysis, it can prevent the emission of fluorescent elements reduced to the content of interference; the other is to from Uranium is separated from other elements, of which Na_4 [UO_2 (CO_3) _2] is precipitated by sodium carbonate as the most commonly used complex, leaving uranium as a carbonate complex and remaining in solution with organic reagent extraction Uranium is separated from other elements. In this regard, analysts have done a lot of work, published in the literature and science magazines, and the method we are now experimenting with is the combination of the two, that is, the method of red-thinning after carbonate separation. After such a simple treatment, will get better results, and can be applied to more complex ore to go. We started this work. In particular, there are few or no tests on some aspects of the work. Some work needs to be done in the future. Please advise all the comrades engaged in the analysis. Method summary Uranium-bearing minerals are dissolved in hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide (difficult-to-dissolve ores are melted) and then neutralized with carbonate in excess. Uranium is present in the solution. Soak with a small ball of sodium fluoride soaked with the known content of the ball compared.