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目的了解西藏自治区(西藏)结核病流行情况,探讨防治策略。方法对西藏2010年结核病管理信息系统(结核专报系统)数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2010年西藏结核专报系统新登记患者3884例,新登记率为129.4/10万,较2009年下降11.4%。患者来源以因症就诊为主,各月均有疫情,3-4月最高;以男性、青壮年、藏族为主,平均年龄为(40.24±0.53)岁(χ2=137.017,P<0.05)。农民患者最多(68.48%),其次为牧民(13.1%)和学生(6.6%)。学生患者以16～20岁为主,占52.2%。外地户籍涂阳患者占52.1%。日喀则地区报告患者最多,其次为林芝、昌都和山南地区(χ2=265.592,P<0.05)。结论西藏结核病疫情呈下降趋势,患者以因症就诊为主,需要加强主动发现,加强以藏族、青壮年、农民、男性为主的健康教育及防治工作;学校结核病防治工作不容忽视,流动人口是结核病防治的薄弱环节。
Objective To understand the prevalence of tuberculosis in the Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet) and to explore strategies for prevention and control. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of tuberculosis management information system (tuberculosis reporting system) in 2010 in Tibet. Results In 2010, a total of 3884 newly registered TB patients in Tibet reported a new registration rate of 129.4 / 100,000, down 11.4% from 2009. The main source of the disease was symptomatic treatment. There were epidemics in each month, the highest in March-April. The main age was male, young and middle-aged, with a mean age of (40.24 ± 0.53) years (χ2 = 137.017, P <0.05). Peasants had the highest number of patients (68.48%), followed by pastoralists (13.1%) and students (6.6%). Student patients to 16 to 20-year-old, accounting for 52.2%. Foreign residents account for 52.1% smear-positive patients. Shigatse region reported the largest number of patients, followed by Nyingchi, Qamdo and Shannan (χ2 = 265.592, P <0.05). Conclusion The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Tibet shows a downward trend. The patients are mainly treated by symptomatic diseases. Health education and prevention and control work based mainly on Tibetans, young adults, peasants and men need to be strengthened. School tuberculosis prevention and control work can not be ignored. The floating population is Tuberculosis prevention and control of the weak links.