“到目前为止一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史”(《共产党宣言》),马克思这个有关人类历史的阶级断定以及他的历史唯物主义的群众史观,连同中国史学数千年来形成的以论带史的传统,长期以来深深左右着我们的史学研究。这种研究着重从社会基本矛盾(生产力——生产关系与经济基础—— “The history of all societies so far has been the history of class struggle” (“The Communist Manifesto”). Marx’s categorical determination of human history and his historical materialism of mass historians, together with the history of China for thousands of years The tradition of formation with history has a profound influence on our history research. This study focuses on the basic social contradictions (productivity - production relations and economic base -