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针对喀斯特流域下垫面空间异质性强,地表、地下径流转化复杂的特点,本文选择贵州陈旗实验小流域,根据实地调查流域内水源位置以及同位素、水化学样品的采集,将流域内水源划分为地表水(仅当强降雨时发生)、表层岩溶带水和深层地下水,采用稳定同位素和水化学成分组合方法划分了流域出口径流的水源成分。结果表明:降雨期间,坡面地表径流所占比例较少,小于10%,表层岩溶带所占比例在28%～45%之间,地下径流所占比例在49%～62%之间;降雨过程中表层岩溶带径流比例增大,地下径流比例减少。降雨过后,表层岩溶带径流比例迅速减少、地下径流比例呈现增加趋势;地下径流是无雨期流域出口断面径流的主要组成部分,无雨期地下径流占地下暗河出口径流量68%～88%。
In view of the spatial heterogeneity of underlying surface and the complex surface and subsurface flow transformation in the karst basin, this paper selected the experimental catchment of Chenqi, Guizhou Province. Based on the field survey of water source location and the collection of isotope and water chemistry samples, Divided into surface water (occurring only during heavy rains), epikarst zone water and deep groundwater, the source components of runoff from the catchment are separated using a combination of stable isotopes and chemical composition of water. The results show that during the rainfall period, the proportion of surface runoff is less than 10%, the proportion of epikarst zone is between 28% -45%, and the proportion of underground runoff is between 49% -62% In the process, the proportion of surface karst runoff increases and the proportion of underground runoff decreases. After rainfall, the proportion of surface karst runoff rapidly decreased, and the proportion of underground runoff increased. The underground runoff was the main component of runoff at the non-rainy day. The underground runoff accounted for 68% -88% of the total runoff.